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　　區(qū)分不同規(guī)格的通風(fēng)管道，需從尺寸參數(shù)、材質(zhì)特性、結(jié)構(gòu)形式等多維度綜合判斷，這些差異直接影響其適用場景與通風(fēng)效果，掌握區(qū)分方法能為選型、安裝與維護(hù)提供精準(zhǔn)依據(jù)。

　　Distinguishing ventilation ducts of different specifications requires comprehensive judgment from multiple dimensions such as size parameters, material characteristics, and structural forms. These differences directly affect their applicable scenarios and ventilation effects. Mastering the differentiation method can provide accurate basis for selection, installation, and maintenance.

　　尺寸是區(qū)分通風(fēng)管道規(guī)格的基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)，主要看截面尺寸與長度。常見的矩形管道以 “寬 × 高” 表示規(guī)格，如 200mm×100mm、400mm×200mm 等，寬度與高度的比例通常不超過 4:1，避免因形狀過扁影響氣流穩(wěn)定性；圓形管道則以直徑標(biāo)注，如 φ150mm、φ300mm，直徑越大，單位時間內(nèi)的通風(fēng)量越大（相同風(fēng)速下，φ300mm 管道的風(fēng)量約是 φ150mm 的 4 倍）。長度方面，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)直管段多為 3 米或 6 米，特殊定制管道可根據(jù)工程需求調(diào)整，但過長會增加安裝難度與氣流阻力。測量時需注意，尺寸指的是管道內(nèi)徑（圓形）或內(nèi)邊距（矩形），而非包含保溫層的外徑，這直接關(guān)系到與其他設(shè)備的對接精度。

　　Size is the basic indicator for distinguishing the specifications of ventilation ducts, mainly based on the cross-sectional size and length. Common rectangular pipes are expressed in terms of "width x height", such as 200mm x 100mm, 400mm x 200mm, etc. The ratio of width to height is usually not more than 4:1 to avoid affecting airflow stability due to their flattened shape; Circular pipes are marked with diameters, such as 150mm and 300mm. The larger the diameter, the greater the ventilation volume per unit time (at the same wind speed, the air volume of a 300mm pipe is about four times that of a 150mm pipe). In terms of length, standard straight pipe sections are mostly 3 meters or 6 meters. Special customized pipelines can be adjusted according to engineering needs, but being too long will increase installation difficulty and airflow resistance. When measuring, it should be noted that the size refers to the inner diameter (circular) or inner edge (rectangular) of the pipeline, not the outer diameter including the insulation layer, which directly affects the docking accuracy with other equipment.

　　材質(zhì)特性是區(qū)分規(guī)格的另一重要標(biāo)志，不同材質(zhì)對應(yīng)不同使用場景。鍍鋅鋼板管道表面有均勻的鋅層，用磁鐵可吸附（鐵磁性），適用于干燥、無腐蝕性的環(huán)境（如辦公樓、商場），厚度通常為 0.5-1.2mm，厚度越大承重與抗風(fēng)壓能力越強(qiáng)；不銹鋼管道無磁性（304 材質(zhì)）或弱磁性（430 材質(zhì)），表面光滑耐銹蝕，多用于廚房排煙、化工車間等有油煙或腐蝕性氣體的場所，厚度一般 1.0-2.0mm；玻璃鋼管道質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬、顏色多為灰色，無磁性，適用于潮濕或有酸堿的環(huán)境（如地下車庫、實(shí)驗(yàn)室），其厚度根據(jù)壓力等級而定（低壓管道壁厚 3-5mm，高壓可達(dá) 8-10mm）。通過觀察外觀（鍍鋅板的鋅花、不銹鋼的光澤、玻璃鋼的紋理）和簡單測試（磁性、硬度），可快速區(qū)分材質(zhì)規(guī)格。

　　Material properties are another important indicator for distinguishing specifications, and different materials correspond to different usage scenarios. Galvanized steel pipes have a uniform zinc layer on the surface, which can be adsorbed by magnets (ferromagnetic) and are suitable for dry, non corrosive environments (such as office buildings and shopping malls). The thickness is usually 0.5-1.2mm, and the thicker the thickness, the stronger the load-bearing and wind pressure resistance ability; Stainless steel pipes are non-magnetic (304 material) or weakly magnetic (430 material), with a smooth and rust resistant surface. They are commonly used in places with oil fumes or corrosive gases such as kitchen smoke exhaust and chemical workshops, with a thickness of 1.0-2.0mm. Fiberglass pipes are hard in texture, mostly gray in color, non-magnetic, and suitable for humid or acidic environments (such as underground garages and laboratories). Their thickness depends on the pressure level (the wall thickness of low-pressure pipes is 3-5mm, and high-pressure pipes can reach 8-10mm). By observing the appearance (zinc flower on galvanized sheet, luster of stainless steel, texture of fiberglass) and conducting simple tests (magnetism, hardness), material specifications can be quickly distinguished.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)形式的差異也能體現(xiàn)管道規(guī)格，主要體現(xiàn)在連接方式與加固措施上。螺旋風(fēng)管（圓形）的接縫呈螺旋狀，密封性好，常用于大直徑、長距離通風(fēng)（直徑可達(dá) 1600mm）；矩形風(fēng)管多為法蘭連接，法蘭材質(zhì)與管道一致（如鍍鋅法蘭配鍍鋅管道），法蘭間距根據(jù)風(fēng)壓設(shè)定（低壓≤1.5 米，高壓≤1.0 米）。當(dāng)管道尺寸超過一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（如矩形風(fēng)管長邊≥630mm、圓形直徑≥800mm），會增加加固筋或楞線，防止風(fēng)壓過大導(dǎo)致變形，加固間距隨尺寸增大而減小（如 1000mm 直徑的圓形管道，加固間距≤1.5 米）。此外，柔性風(fēng)管（如鋁箔伸縮管）的規(guī)格以直徑和伸縮長度表示（如 φ200mm×5m），多用于設(shè)備與硬質(zhì)管道的連接，可通過拉伸長度調(diào)節(jié)安裝距離。

　　The differences in structural forms can also reflect the specifications of pipelines, mainly reflected in the connection methods and reinforcement measures. The seams of spiral ducts (circular) are spiral shaped and have good sealing performance. They are commonly used for large diameter and long-distance ventilation (with a diameter of up to 1600mm); Rectangular air ducts are mostly connected by flanges, and the flange material is consistent with the pipeline (such as galvanized flanges with galvanized pipes). The flange spacing is set according to the wind pressure (low pressure ≤ 1.5 meters, high pressure ≤ 1.0 meters). When the size of the pipeline exceeds a certain standard (such as rectangular ducts with a long side ≥ 630mm and circular ducts with a diameter ≥ 800mm), reinforcement bars or ridges will be added to prevent deformation caused by excessive wind pressure. The reinforcement spacing decreases with increasing size (such as circular ducts with a diameter of 1000mm, reinforcement spacing ≤ 1.5 meters). In addition, the specifications of flexible air ducts (such as aluminum foil expansion pipes) are expressed in diameter and expansion length (such as φ 200mm × 5m), which are mostly used for connecting equipment with hard pipes and can be adjusted by stretching the installation distance.

　　壓力等級是隱藏的規(guī)格參數(shù)，需結(jié)合用途判斷。低壓管道（壓力≤500Pa）多用于普通通風(fēng)（如辦公室新風(fēng)），管壁較薄，法蘭連接可采用鉚接；中壓管道（500Pa＜壓力≤1500Pa）適用于排煙、除塵（如車間通風(fēng)），需采用螺栓連接法蘭，密封墊厚度≥3mm；高壓管道（壓力＞1500Pa）用于高風(fēng)壓場景（如礦井通風(fēng)），管壁厚度比同尺寸中壓管道厚 0.2-0.5mm，法蘭需加勁肋增強(qiáng)強(qiáng)度。壓力等級可通過管道上的標(biāo)識（如噴涂的 “P≤500Pa”）或配套的風(fēng)機(jī)參數(shù)間接判斷，這直接關(guān)系到安裝時的密封要求與安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　The pressure level is a hidden specification parameter that needs to be judged based on its intended use. Low pressure pipelines (pressure ≤ 500Pa) are mostly used for ordinary ventilation (such as office fresh air), with thin pipe walls, and flange connections can be riveted; Medium pressure pipelines (500Pa<pressure ≤ 1500Pa) are suitable for smoke exhaust and dust removal (such as workshop ventilation), and require bolted flange connections with a sealing gasket thickness of ≥ 3mm; high-pressure pipelines (pressure>1500Pa) are used in high-pressure scenarios (such as mine ventilation), with a wall thickness of 0.2-0.5mm thicker than medium pressure pipelines of the same size, and flanges need to be reinforced with ribs to enhance strength. The pressure level can be indirectly determined by the markings on the pipeline (such as the sprayed "P ≤ 500Pa") or the matching fan parameters, which directly relates to the sealing requirements and safety standards during installation.

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